Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Activity Questions Essay Assignment Paper Example

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Activity Questions Essay Assignment Paper Example

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Activity Questions Essay Assignment Paper Example.

EKG Activity: TYPE YOUR ANSWERS IN A DIFFERENT COLOR

  1. List each of the patients in part B of the activity and discuss how their EKG compares to the normal EKG in part A.

Patient A was normal for everything except a slightly longer QRS interval.

Patient B was normal for everything except it had a very irregular rhythm.

Patient C had a very irregular EKG with a longer heart rate, PR interval, QRS interval, and QT interval. They also had an abnormal T wave. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Activity Questions Essay Assignment Paper Example.

Patient D had a faster heart rate than normal and a shorter QT interval. It also had an abnormal ST segment because if was not a flat line.

Patient E was very abnormal. They had a slower heart rate, longer P wave, longer PR interval, longer QT interval, irregular ST segment, and an irregular T wave.

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Patient F was normal for everything except for the rhythm which was very irregular and made it hard to calculate an accurate heart rate.

Patient G was had a much slower heart rate than normal and a much longer PR interval. Besides those the rest were normal. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Activity Questions Essay Assignment Paper Example.

Patient H had a heart rate on the slow side, although it was still within normal range. It also had a longer PR interval, longer QRS interval, and slightly longer QT interval.

Patient I was very irregular and did not even have a T wave.Their QT interval was shorter, the QRS interval was longer, the P wave was longer, and the PR interval was longer. Additionally, the heart rate was much too fast.

  1. What is the cardiac conduction system?

The cardiac conduction system is the group of specialized cardiac cells in the heart which are responsible for conducting electrical activity in the heart. It sends signals to the heart muscles which tell them to contract.

  1. What are the three crucial parts of the cardiac conduction system?

The sinoatrial node (also called the pacemaker), the atrioventricular node, and the his-purkinje system.

  1. What is the function of the SA node?

The SA node starts the electrical impulses that cause the heart to beat.

  1. What is the function of the AV node?

The AV node receives signals from the SA node and carry them into the ventricles.

  1. What is the function of the His-Purkinje System?

The His-Purkinje system are the fibers that actually carry the electrical impulses to the ventricles starting at the His bundles fibers and ending in the PUrkinje fibers.

  1. Explain how an electrical impulse created in the SA node eventually leads to the contraction of the ventricles.

The electrical impulses are first through both atria causing them to contract which is then transferred to the AV node. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Activity Questions Essay Assignment Paper Example The AV node sends the signal down His Bundles, the left and right bundles branches, and finally into the Purkinje fibers which cause the ventricles to contract.

  1. Explain how depolarization and repolarization occur. How do these relate to muscle contraction and relaxation?

Depolarization is associated with muscle contraction and is characterized by a rush of sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane. Repolarization is then associated with relaxation and it is when the ions move back to their original polarity.

  1. What is the average number of electrical impulses created by the SA node?

Anywhere from 60-100 impulses per minutes.

  1. What is the sinus rhythm?

Sinus rhythm is the normal rhythm and rate of electrical impulses in the heart.

11.What could cause the SA node to increase the number of electrical impulses?

Cardiac activity (such as running) would cause the number of electrical impulses to increase because under those conditions, your body is in need of more oxygen. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Activity Questions Essay Assignment Paper Example.

  1. What is an electrocardiogram?

An electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) is a measure of the electrical activity of the heart.

  1. Explain how the up and down motion of the lines on an ECG grid represent the electrical activity of the heart.

The up motions represent depolarization while down motions represent repolarization.

  1. What does the P wave represent?

The depolarization and contraction of the right and left atria.

  1. What does the QRS complex represent?

The depolarization and contraction of the right and left ventricles.

  1. What does the T wave represent?

The repolarization and relaxation of the ventricles.

  1. Look up tachycardia and describe it.

Tachycardia is abnormal electrical impulses which cause the heart to beat too fast when at rest.

  1. Look up bradycardia and describe it. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Activity Questions Essay Assignment Paper Example.

Bradycardia is the opposite of tachycardia and it is when abnormal electrical impulses cause the heart to beat to slowly when at rest.

You need to know/recognize the following EKG’s by sight for the quiz:

 

Atrial Fibrillation:

 

Go to this this resource: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atrial-fibrillation/symptoms-causes/dxc-20164936

 

What causes Atrial Fibrillation?

Atrial fibrillation may be caused by high blood pressure, heart attacks, coronary artery disease, abnormal heart valves, heart defects you’re born with (congenital), or exposure to stimulants, such as medications, caffeine, tobacco or alcohol. They cause abnormal and usually rapid heart rate in the atria. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Activity Questions Essay Assignment Paper Example.

 

Bundle Branch Block

  

Go to this resource: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bundle-branch-block/basics/causes/con-20027273

 

What causes bundle branch block (left and right)?

Left bundle branch block is commonly caused by heart disease, high blood pressure, cardiomyopathy, or myocarditis. Right bundle branch block is commonly caused by congenital defects, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, hypertension, or pulmonary embolism. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Activity Questions Essay Assignment Paper Example.

 

Premature Ventricular Complexes/Contractions

 

Go to this resource: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premature-ventricular-contractions/basics/causes/con-20030205

 

What causes PVC’s to form?

PVC’s may be caused by chemical changes in the body, medications or drugs, increased adrenaline, or an injury sustained to the heart. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Activity Questions Essay Assignment Paper Example.

 

Sinoatrial Block (Sick Sinus Syndrome)

 

Go to this resource: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sick-sinus-syndrome/basics/causes/con-20029161

 

What causes sinoatrial block?

Sinoatrial block may be caused by bradycardia, tachycardia, or sinus arrest. These may also have many causes such as age or scar tissue. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Activity Questions Essay Assignment Paper Example.

 

Ventricular Fibrillation

  

Go to this resource: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ventricular-fibrillation/basics/causes/con-20034473

 

What causes Ventricular Fibrillation?

Ventricular fibrillation is often associated with some type of heart disease. It is also commonly the result of ventricular tachycardia where the ventricles pump rapidly.

 

Conclusion: Describe what you learned about EKG’s and heart rhythms from doing this activity. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Activity Questions Essay Assignment Paper Example.

Before doing this activity, I had no idea about how electrical impulses were sent through the heart. I learned that they function separately from the brain and they are always going (or should be). It is more than just one beat because both the atria and the ventricles need to contract. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Activity Questions Essay Assignment Paper Example The atria contract first at the signal of the sinoatrial node. That signal then travels down towards the ventricles to the atrioventricular nodes. They send the signal through the His-Purkinje system which carries the signal throughout the ventricles and causes them to contract. You can see all of these steps on an EKG because depolarization and repolarization can be recorded and graphed. Depolarization is shown by the upward spikes on the graph and repolarization is shown by the downward ones.

The doctor can analyze an EKG to see very specifically which part of your heart is not functioning correctly. I actually had my first EKG last week and they only need to take several seconds of data in order to have enough to analyze. The doctor can measure the length of electrical activity for each node in addition to analyzing the rhythm and heart rate. Some common diseases that show up on an EKG are ventricular fibrillation, atrial fibrillation, sinoatrial block, and premature ventricular contractions because these all have to do with the electrical activity of the heart. Many are caused by a heart disease of some type such as congenital issues or myocardial infarction. It is important to recognize heart abnormalities because a steady heart rhythm is essential to proper body functioning. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Activity Questions Essay Assignment Paper Example.

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